Liver cancer is dependent upon angiogenesis — the growth of new capillary blood vessels — to supply tumors with oxygen and nutrients. Liver cancer, like other cancers, is considered highly dependent upon angiogenesis for its growth and development.

Tumor angiogenesis is stimulated by proteins called growth factors. The primary angiogenesis-stimulating growth factor is called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Most malignant tumors produce large amounts of VEGF and other growth factors to create a dedicated blood supply for the tumor. Chronic alcohol exposure and infection with the hepatitis virus increases VEGF production, making these known risk factors for developing liver cancer.²